A Hernia is a condition where a bulge or a sac liked structure is formed by the abdominal wall lining. This happens because, the area around the sac would be very weak and therefore it inflates.

There are many types of Hernias based upon the region where they occur.

• Femoral hernia – upper thigh region bulging below the groin. Mostly affects women
• Hiatal Hernia – anterior part of stomach.
• Incisional hernia – occur as a scar which is caused the weakened muscle tissue post-surgery.
• Inguinal Hernia – occurs as a groin bulge. Mostly affects men than women.
• Umbilical hernia occurs around the improperly closed belly button.

There are various causes for these diseases are:

• While lifting heavy objects
• Straining while urinating
• Prolonged standing and walking
• Family history
• By birth

Risk factors

• Chronic constipation
• Chronic cough
• Cystic fibrosis
• Enlarged prostate
• Extra weight
• Fluid in the abdomen
• Heavy lifting
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Poor nutrition
• Smoking
• Overexertion
• Undescended testicles

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms include pain, discomfort and it aggravates when bending, stretching, lifting heavy weight objects, etc.

Signs and tests

Hernia can be diagnosed by visual examination and touch by the Doctor.  When you cough or sneeze, the size of the bulge would increase confirming the presence of hernia. If needed Ultrasound, SCT scans and X Rays are taken.

Treatment

Surgery is the only treatment that can permanently fix a hernia. If the hernia is small and not causing symptoms, your surgeon may just need to watch it to make sure it is not growing or causing problem in future.

Surgery will usually be used for hernias that:

• Are getting larger
• Are painful
• Cannot be reduced without surgery
• May involve a trapped piece of bowel.

Previously done surgeries should be taken care for any bruises and weakness in the abdominal wall. If noted proper medical supervision should be administered at the early stage itself to prevent the onset of hernia bulge. Of course, the surgeons after surgery will advise the patients to change their physical activities for the first few weeks. Women who have undergone C-section delivery are at higher risks and in the case will worsen with multiple C-section deliveries, which would completely weaken the muscles and tissues around the area of surgery; ultimately causing it to bulge out which embarrasses the patient.

Surgery secures the weakened abdominal wall tissue (fascia) and closes any holes. An umbilical hernia that does not heal on its own by the time your child is 5 years old may be repaired. Today, hernias can be fixed by open surgery or with the use of a laparoscope.

Prevention

• Use proper lifting techniques.
• Lose weight if you are overweight.
• Relieve or avoid constipation by eating plenty of fiber, drinking lots of fluid.
• Men should see their health care provider if they strain with urination.

We would now be clear that Hernias are not a difficult one to cure. But it too has some complications if left untreated for years. Early detection and proper treatment will surely eradicate hernia and would improve the life style of patients.

Hepatitis is an irritation caused by a viral disease which most frequently affects the liver; there are five main types of hepatitis viruses they are A, B, C, D and E. These five types are of most anxiety since it causes the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread due to the burden of illness and death. In particularly, chronic disease is spread through types B and C which leads to hundreds of millions of people and, collectively, are most frequently caused on liver cirrhosis and cancer.

Ingestion of contaminated food or water typically causes Hepatitis A and E. Hepatitis B, C and D generally occur as a result of parenteral relation with the infected body fluids.  The Common modes of transmission for these viruses includes a reception of impure blood or blood products, persistent medical methods using infected equipment and  hepatitis B is spread through the transmission from mother to baby at birth, from a family member to child, and also by sexual contact.

Infection may arise with partial or no symptoms or may consist of symptoms like jaundice, fatigue in extreme, dark urine, nausea, vomiting and pain in abdominal accurately.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hepatitis is mainly caused by:

• Immune cells in the body are affecting the liver and causing autoimmune hepatitis
• Viruses (like hepatitis A, B and C), bacteria, or parasites causing infections.
• Alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, or other poisons produces liver damages.
•  Due to Medications, like an overdose of acetaminophen, this can spread deadly disease.

Causes and risk factors for various kinds of hepatitis, includes:

• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Hepatitis  Autoimmune
• Delta agent (hepatitis D)
• Drug-induced hepatitis
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

A condition that contains having greater iron in the body (more iron forms in the liver) called Cystic fibrosis or hemochromatosis it mainly causes Liver disease which is happened by inherited disorders.

Symptoms

Hepatitis may initiate and get better rapidly (acute hepatitis), or cause long-term disease (chronic hepatitis). In some cases it leads to liver damage, liver failure, or even liver cancer can happen.

However with the cause of impact in Liver and any illnesses may leads to severe hepatitis which depends upon many factors. Hepatitis A, for example, does not lead to chronic liver problems but it is usually short-term.

The symptom of hepatitis includes the following:

• Abdominal pain or distention
• In males development of breast
• Dark urine
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Common itching
• Jaundice
• Appetite loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of weight

When the people first infected with hepatitis B or C they do not have such symptoms. Liver failure can be still developed later. Frequently test should be undertaken if you find any risk factors for any type of hepatitis.

Treatment

Depending on the cause of the liver disease, the patient and doctor or some other health care professionals should discuss possible treatments regarding the disease. For losing weight the doctor may recommend a high-calorie diet.

An Athlete’s foot as the name sounds is not a different morphological category of foot. It is pretty common disease manifested by a fungus. It is also called as tine pedis; the scientific term.

What Causes Athlete’s Foot?

They are caused by fungus as already mentioned above and it grows over the skin especially in the feet, toes, palms, heels and in between the fingers.

What worsens it?

People are more prone to the disease when they have one or other factors like

• Wearing unfit or tight shoes
• Wet foot for long time
• Sweating or nail injury

Of course the worst part of this disease is that, it is contagious by direct or indirect contact with the affected person or infected things.

What are the common symptoms?

The most common symptoms you would experience are the diverging pain and prickly sensations at the site of wound which is very much annoying and in worst cases it would stop performing your day-to-day activities. The skin around the infected area will become red, itchy and painful.

How is it Diagnosed and Treated?

The Doctors diagnose the condition of the disease by looking at your wound. If needed the doctor would advise to go for skin biopsies or culture tests.

The best treatment for this disease would be to use the antifungal powders and creams available over the counter sale at pharmacies; like clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, etc…

Keeping your feet clean and dry, wearing proper and loose fit shoes, early detection and treatment, proper washing of your socks and drying, good hygiene will help you to get rid of this disease completely. Normally the disease will vanish over 1-2 weeks with proper self-care and medications.

What are the complications involved?

The worst complications of this disease is that, it could affect again in the same area if not properly cured; this time it will be more vigorous such that previously applied anit-fungal creams or powder won’t work, as the fungus have gained resistance to the antibiotic.

Prevention

To prevent athlete’s foot, follow these measures:

• Dry your feet thoroughly after bathing or swimming.
• Wear sandals or flip-flops at a public shower or pool.
• Change your socks often to keep your feet dry. This should be done at least once a day.
• Use antifungal or drying powders to prevent athlete’s foot if you are susceptible of getting it; frequently in areas where athlete’s foot fungus is common (like public showers).
• Shoes must be well ventilated when they are not in. It is advisable to use two shoes as it may help to alternate shoes each day, so they can dry completely between wearing. Avoid plastic-lined shoes.

With all these above preventive measures it is 100% possible to prevent the occurrence of Athlete’s Foot. Mostly people in swamp and damp areas are prone to it. Turmeric powder is the best home-made remedy or treatment for Athlete’s foot. Maintaining proper body cleanliness and proper diagnosis with full course of medication will help in the speedy recovery and would not pave way for any complications thereafter.

Mediterranean anemia is also known as Thalassemia. Thalassemia is generally a group of genetic blood disorders. This is an irregularity formed in hemoglobin in red blood cells which carry oxygen. This leads to damaging of red blood cells by high volume. There would be more of iron content in the body which needs to be removed by form blood transfusion. Other than a blood transfusion, non routine treatments include bone marrow transplantation and psychological therapies.

Proper management and support is required for this medical condition. Hemoglobin is formed from two proteins namely Alpha and Beta Globin. Thalassemia is a condition where there occurs defect in the production of these proteins at the right levels in the body. Alpha Thalassemia is found in people from the Middle East, China, South East Asia and Africa. Beta Thalassemia is found mostly in Afro-Americans.

Thalassemia can be divided into two core forms. They are Major Thalassemia and Minor Thalassemia. Major Thalassemia occurs when both the parents’ genes are faulty. Mino Thalassemia occurs when one the parent’s gene is faulty. Some common symptoms exhibited by thalassemia patients are fatigue, jaundice, low growth rate, face deforms etc.

There are instances of child birth where Thalassemia major leads to anemic conditions in the first year. Most symptoms are due to the lack of proper oxygen flow in the body. The abnormal presence of hemoglobin can be detected by the hemoglobin electrophoresis test. There are very few risks associated with this blood type of blood test. The size of veins and arteries varies from person to person.

Collecting blood samples from one patient can and the related difficulty can also vary. It is also very common to get abnormal results when a person has undergone a blood transfusion on periods nearer to the test. The typical period to avoid such tests varies from twelve to fifteen weeks from the date of blood transfusion.

More often as a treatment for Thalassemia, periodic blood transfusions and supplements are followed. During blood transfusions, it is not advisable to consume iron supplements. If more iron proteins are consumed during blood transfusion it can lead to harmful effects. Chelamy therapy helps to remove excess iron content from the body during blood transfusion. In children; bone marrow transplant is advised for a cure. Medicines like Deferasirox and Deferiprone are used as oral medicines for Thalassemia treatment. Modern medical facilities have developed a method by which genes which are faulty can be rectified through In Virto Fertilization process.

Thalassemia patients are more prone to infections. This also causes expansion in bone marrow which makes bones to widen. Hence bone deformities are often visible on the skull and face. Also, the risk of breaking of bones is high. It is also quite useful to have annual flu vaccinations to help to stay up to date on other vaccines. Immediate attention is required if symptoms of Thalassemia are found in children or adults and also when one is being treated for Thalassemia and develops a new symptom.

High Blood Pressure or Hypertension is a very common health condition which causes a rise in the blood pressure within the arteries. Hypertension is also known as “Silent Killer’ as more often symptoms stand invisible for years together till it finally spoils the core organs. The pressure is calculated based on the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the proportional amount of resistance shown in the blood flow within the arteries. Narrow arteries can lead to increase in blood pressure.

There can be cases where one persists without high blood pressure levels without having any visible symptoms of the condition. Symptoms can also go unnoticed if one consumes medicines for other visible health issues. Diseases like Thyroid can also result in an increase in blood pressure. Headaches, buzzing like sound near the ears are some of the typical symptoms of Hypertension.

Blood pressure, either systolic or diastolic can be too high in people with high blood pressure. Blood pressure levels rise with age and height in human beings. Though genes play a vital role in carrying hypertension to the next generation, the exact type of gene has not been identified. It is observed that thirty percent of high blood pressure level cases are due to the genetic factors.

High Blood pressure can lead to many complications. Some of them are premature death, heart attacks, heart failures and chronic kidney diseases. Hypertension is found in people across all ages. Discrete tests and measurements of the pressure rate are taken during diagnosis. Based on the results obtained during the diagnosis, risk factors and other related issues are identified.

Physicians may also propose for a change in lifestyle as part of the curing process. Various methods of relaxation, body training are advised in many cases. But if medicines are recommended, continuous and intensive monitoring is followed up. Maintaining proper body weights, reduced intake of sodium, reduced alcohol consumption and engaging in aerobic exercises can prevent early hypertension. Acute hypertension can also lead to stroke. Some percentage of such strokes approximately forty percentage is of fatal nature but some who would survive often suffer a disability.

One of the commonly used diet programs for hypertension affected patients is a Dash Diet. A Dash diet is very rich in grains, fish, fruits and vegetables, and also includes nuts. The Dash diet is rich in magnesium, calcium, potassium and protein for the body.

It is quite important that all adults have to regularly check the blood pressure levels. If someone in the family has hypertension then it is quite natural that the next generation is more prone to acquire the same health conditions. Most people prefer to adopt natural training activities than falling for medicinal treatments. This is because today’s generation are often educated and they are well aware of the side effects the common medicines can bring in. Many nowadays prefer for a healthy diet by making the necessary modifications in their diet plans which would keep their blood pressure levels normal at all times.